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Resumen Objetivo: En el tercero de los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible: Salud y Bienestar, se encuentra la meta destinada a fortalecer la prevención y el tratamiento del abuso de sustancias. Se proponen tres objetivos: (1) identificar bibliografía referente al uso de vaporizadores en adolescentes y jóvenes para constatar variables importantes como factores asociados, (2) realizar una recopilación comunitaria mediante entrevistas y foros para reconocer la percepción social del uso de vaporizadores, y (3) determinar, en la población de jóvenes y adolescentes puertorriqueños, la prevalencia del uso de vaporizadores. Materiales y Métodos: Un estudio mixto: cualitativo observacional y transversal analítico fue realizado basado en el modelo conceptual de la Promoción de la Salud (comunitario, individual y científico) con una recopilación de datos consistente en: revisión de 13 artículos, entrevistas a informantes claves que trabajan con la salud y seguridad de jóvenes puertorriqueños, y análisis, utilizando el programado SPSS, de prevalencias del cuestionario puertorriqueño autoadministrado Consulta Juvenil (n=8,603), base de datos secundaria. Resultados: La literatura establece factores asociados como: mercadeo, relación familiar y socialización. Se encontró que las organizaciones visualizan a la promoción de la salud comunitaria como un método preventivo. El 21.9% de estudiantes de escuela superior hacen uso de vaporizadores. 22.1% no saben la sustancia que contiene su vaporizador. Conclusión: La promoción de la salud se basa en políticas públicas favorables, educación en salud, movilización social-comunitaria y trabajo multidisciplinario. Recomendamos que, se practiquen evaluaciones y prevenciones del uso de vaporizadores basados en una salud pública promotora de la salud. De esta manera, se trabajará el Objetivo del Desarrollo Sostenible: Salud y Bienestar, para la protección de generaciones jóvenes y disminuir las prevalencias del uso de sustancias.
Abstract Objective: In the third of the Sustainable Development Goals: Health and Well-being, there is a goal aimed at strengthening the prevention and treatment of substance abuse. Three objectives are proposed: (1) identify a bibliography regarding the use of vaporizers in adolescents and young people to verify important variables as associated factors, and (2) carry out a community compilation through interviews and forums to recognize the social perception of the use of vaporizers, and (3) determine, in the population of Puerto Rican youth and adolescents, the prevalence of the use of vaporizers. Materials and methods: A mixed study: qualitative observational and cross-sectional analytical was carried out with data collection consisting of a review of 13 articles, interviews with key informants who work with the health and safety of young Puerto Ricans, and analysis, using the SPSS program, of the prevalence of the Puerto Rican self-administered questionnaire Consulta Juvenil as a secondary database (n=8,603). Results: The literature establishes associated factors such as marketing, family relationship, and socialization. It was found that organizations view community health promotion as a preventive method. 21.9% of high school students use vaporizers. 22.1% do not know the substance contained in their vaporizer. Conclusion: Health promotion is based on favorable public policies, health education, social- community mobilization, and multidisciplinary work. We recommend that evaluations and prevention of the use of vaporizers be practiced based on health-promoting public health. In this way, the Sustainable Development Goal will be worked on: Health and Well-being for the protection of young generations and to reduce the prevalence of substance use.
RESUMO
Few studies have evaluated and contrasted the lifestyles and quality of life of university students by academic discipline. We compared university students' lifestyle and quality of life, and schools' compliance with health promotion guidelines. Then, needs were ranked and prioritized. This was a cross-sectional study carried out in a public university in Northeastern Mexico. Higher education students with no visual or hearing impairment from six different academic disciplines were included (N = 5443). A self-administered and anonymous questionnaire was applied that included the HPLP (Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile) and SF-12 scales. A check list was employed for measuring 26 on-site schools' compliance with health promotion guidelines, and needs were ranked using Z-scores. The mean lifestyle was 53.9 ± 14.8 and the mean quality of life was 69.7 ± 5. Men had healthier lifestyles with more exercise and better stress management. The mean compliance with health promotion guidelines was 58.7%. Agricultural Sciences students had the highest need for improving both lifestyle and quality of life. Arts, Education, and Humanities, Engineering and Technology, and Social and Administrative Sciences schools ranked first in need for health promotion actions. The methodology used allowed hierarchization of areas requiring planning and implementation of specific actions, and the results indicated that healthy lifestyles and quality of life should be a priority.
Assuntos
Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Promoção da Saúde , Qualidade de Vida , Universidades , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , México , Estudantes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
La vinculación de la universidad con la comunidad a la que pertenece es uno de los principios básicos en los que esta institución se sustenta. Una comunidad será saludable en la medida en que existan múltiples conexiones entre los individuos y las subagrupaciones que la integran. Al trabajar en promoción de la salud, hablar de participación y de modelos participativos implica asumir que personas y comunidades tienen el derecho de autogestionarse. Viabilizar la participación implicará abrir posibilidades para la cogestión, la autonomía, la comprensión de realidades dinámicas, la formalización de alianzas y la transformación de contextos y formas de relación. Implicará entender la salud como un derecho. El trabajo en red es fundamental en un mundo interconectado y global. El Proyecto de Universidades Promotoras de Salud se construye desde sus inicios con la participación de la comunidad universitaria con el objetivo de mejorar las condiciones para la salud, la calidad de vida y el bienestar de todos los miembros de la comunidad. Las universidades son escenarios idóneos para implementar estrategias de mejora de los estilos de vida de sus miembros, que además trasciendan a los espacios universitarios y afecten positivamente a la vida de las personas dentro y fuera de los campus. Las redes de Universidades Promotoras de la Salud en América Latina se institucionalizaron en el año 2003, y tomaron forma de Red Iberoamericana de Universidades Promotoras de la Salud en 2007, en el marco del III Congreso de Universidades Promotoras de la Salud desarrollado en Ciudad Juárez, México. En España se creó en 2008 la Red Española de Universidades Saludables con el objetivo de reforzar el papel de las universidades como entornos promotores de la salud y el bienestar tanto de sus estudiantes como de su personal y de la sociedad, liderando y apoyando procesos de cambio social
The connection of the University with the community to which it belongs is one of the basic principles on which the former is based. A community will be healthy as long as there are many connections between the individuals and sub-groups that form it. Working on health promotion, talking about participation and participatory models implies the assumption that people and communities have the right to self-manage. Implementing participation will involve opening up possibilities for co-management, autonomy, understanding of dynamic realities, the formalization of alliances, the transformation of contexts, and forms of relationship. It will involve understanding health as a right. Networking is fundamental in an interconnected and global world. Since its inception, the Project of Health Promoting Universities has been built with the participation of the university community towards improving the conditions for health, quality of life and well-being of all members of the community. Universities are ideal scenarios to implement strategies to improve the lifestyles of their members that also transcend to the university spaces and positively affect the lives of people on and off campus. The networks of Health Promoting Universities in Latin America were institutionalized in 2003, and took the form of the Ibero-American Network of Health Promoting Universities in 2007 within the framework of the third Conference on Health Promoting Universities held in the city of Juarez, Mexico. In 2008, the Spanish Network of Healthy Universities was created in Spain, in order to enhance the role of universities as environments that promote the health and well-being of their students, their staff and society, leading and supporting processes of social change
Assuntos
Humanos , Educação em Saúde/tendências , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Enfermagem em Saúde Comunitária/educação , Medicina Comunitária/educação , Agentes Comunitários de Saúde/educação , Participação da Comunidade/tendências , Universidades/tendências , Redes Comunitárias/tendências , Programas Gente Saudável/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
The connection of the University with the community to which it belongs is one of the basic principles on which the former is based. A community will be healthy as long as there are many connections between the individuals and sub-groups that form it. Working on health promotion, talking about participation and participatory models implies the assumption that people and communities have the right to self-manage. Implementing participation will involve opening up possibilities for co-management, autonomy, understanding of dynamic realities, the formalization of alliances, the transformation of contexts, and forms of relationship. It will involve understanding health as a right. Networking is fundamental in an interconnected and global world. Since its inception, the Project of Health Promoting Universities has been built with the participation of the university community towards improving the conditions for health, quality of life and well-being of all members of the community. Universities are ideal scenarios to implement strategies to improve the lifestyles of their members that also transcend to the university spaces and positively affect the lives of people on and off campus. The networks of Health Promoting Universities in Latin America were institutionalized in 2003, and took the form of the Ibero-American Network of Health Promoting Universities in 2007 within the framework of the third Conference on Health Promoting Universities held in the city of Juarez, Mexico. In 2008, the Spanish Network of Healthy Universities was created in Spain, in order to enhance the role of universities as environments that promote the health and well-being of their students, their staff and society, leading and supporting processes of social change.
Assuntos
Redes Comunitárias , Participação da Comunidade , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Universidades , Humanos , Relatório de Pesquisa , Sociedades Médicas , EspanhaRESUMO
Las Universidades Promotoras de la Salud (UPS) tienen la responsabilidad de generar una cultura de Promoción de la Salud en el campus y en el ambiente social y comunitario externo. Las Universidades Promotoras de la Salud se comprometen a impulsar el marco conceptual y operacional de la Promoción de la Salud. También las Universidades Promotoras de la Salud UPS impulsan acciones de abogacía en salud utilizando como marco los enfoques que abordan los Determinantes Sociales de la Salud (DSS) y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS).
